Tuesday, December 14, 2021

Bacteria live in a variety of locations one of which is the human mouth. Which explanation supports the wide

Bacteria live in a variety of locations one of which is the human mouth. Which explanation supports the wide?
Bacteria live in a variety of locations one of which is the human mouth. Which explanation supports the wide variety of bacteria in the mouth? A.Accessibility to nutrients makes the mouth a favorable habitat. B.Calcium in the teeth provides appropriate pH levels in the mouth. C.Accessibility to air cause bacteria to change form. D.Salivary glands cause mutations in populations of bacteria. thank you
Biology - 2 Answers
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1 :
The answer is A. When we eat sugary foods, the sucrose can be converted to useful products for the bacteria via glycosylation. B. Calcium does not influence pH. C. Bactera randomly mutate. Being exposed to air has no effect on them (think of obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, and facultative aerobes). D. Saliva contains lysozyme, an enzyme that breaks open bacterial cell membranes.
2 :
A. Accessibility to nutrients makes the mouth a favorable habitat.





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Tuesday, December 7, 2021

Why do I have a high pH

Why do I have a high pH?
My aquarium water lately has been a 9 and when i change the water it goes back up in like 2 days. I had live plants that were dying that i just took out. What else could it be? Thanks for the advice.
Fish - 5 Answers
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1 :
your bio cycle is out of sink..How many fish/plants are in it how big is the tank
2 :
depends is your water tap or well? also do you have cichlids they need high PH and will from the pet store you got them from may still have salt on them may release salt into the water!
3 :
High pH is your water source itself. In some places of the world people will have soft/neutral/hard pH. Though there are chemicals on the market, there are alternatives to lowering high pH. ("'\(o.o)/"')
4 :
First, check your test kit. I wouldn't trust one that gave you a 9 for a reading unless your water is really high in buffers. pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. pH is measured on a scale of 1-14 with 7 being neutral. Something with a pH lower than 7 is acidic. Something with a pH higher than 7 is basic. Water has a pH of 7 naturally, but the water you are using in your tank will be different because of the chemicals that are suspended or dissolved in the water. These chemicals fall into three categories: acids, bases, and buffers. Acids are chemicals that lower the pH, or make the water more acidic. Bases are chemicals that raise the pH of the water, or make it more basic (or alkaline). Buffers are chemicals that can 'tie up' acids or bases and keep the water at a specific pH. Different buffers will keep the pH at different values.
5 :
It could be for a number of reasons. First test your water source this could be the start of the problem. Second, what do you have in the tank? Sea shells woods? what is your gravel made of? Here is more on PH how it works and how to fix it: This is going to sound dumb but what kind of gravel do you have? Believe it or not certain types of gravel will keep your ph from increasing or increase it too much. The property of water to resist changes in pH is known as buffering capacity. You can determine the capacity of your buffering system by measuring total hardness. A reading of 4-6 dH or higher is usually adequate to keep the buffering system in place and maintain a stable pH. A reading under 4 dH means there isn't enough of a buffering system and the pH is likely to drop. For higher pH levels, you will probably want to aim for 6-12 dH. Many hobbyists choose to measure only Carbonate Hardness (KH), which is a measure of the calcium carbonates in your water. This test is also effective in maintaining a proper buffer system. When testing for Carbonate Hardness, a reading of 75-100 mg/L is adequate for most aquariums, while a reading of 100-200 mg/L would be desired for higher pH levels. For the purpose of freshwater aquariums, measuring either total hardness or carbonate hardness is necessary, but measuring both independently would not be needed. You need to know that anywhere in your aquarium where detritus (a fancy term for dirt) accumulates is a source of Phosphate production. As detritus accumulates in your gravel bed and on your filter pads, the Phosphate levels in your aquarium rise. Free Phosphate ions may bond with calcareous buffering material, precipitating calcium from your aquarium, and reducing your aquariums ability to keep pH stable. This is why it is so very important to clean your filter pads regularly and vacuum the aquarium gravel with each water change. In addition, your tap water contains buffering ions. Doing regular partial water changes will help to replenish the buffers which have been lost. This is important in all aquariums, because fish respiration and organic wastes alone will cause a gradual drop in the ability of your aquarium to buffer against pH swings. Now the question becomes what to do if the fish you want to keep have very special pH requirements. If your fish prefer a pH level which is reasonably close to the pH your aquarium water is naturally buffered to, then I do not recommend you make any changes at all. Unless you are keeping an extremely specialized fish your fish will be fine. On the other hand, if your fish have pH requirements which are far from the values in your tank, then you have work to do. Let us consider methods of raising the pH of your tap water. There are many additives on the market today which claim to raise your pH. Most of the liquid products on the market today are a 50/50 success at best when used alone only to find the ph will soon return to the normal level of 6. You also need to use a product to increase the buffering ability of your aquarium. To maintain a stable pH in the upper levels of the pH scale for fishkeeping, I would recommend using a buffering substrate such as crushed coral. You can add crushed coral to your existing aquarium. You can place larger amounts of shells or chrushed coral beneath the substraight in the tank. I personally place the crushed coral in a mesh bag and place the bag in my filter. You will want about 1 kg of crushed coral per 40 liters of water to buffer the water to hold a pH around 7.6. This method does not allow for the use of large quantities of crushed coral, but can be effective if you only need to make small adjustments to your aquariums buffering ability. This is why ocean items such as shells and ocean sand should not be used in a fresh water aquarium. It does raise the PH level. Be assured that attempting to control pH is the most frustrating experience for a fish hobbyist. I would guess that 50% of the problems encountered in new aquariums are a result of the aquarist attempting to change the pH level. Few fish keepers actually need to adjust their pH. For the majority of aquarists your tap water pH will be adequate. The dangers of adjusting the pH incorrectly far outweigh any benefit you may receive by moving your pH a few points on the scale. Remember, when it comes to adjusting your pH, less is more! Stability is most important. Routine maintenance is the key to keeping your pH stable and your fish healthy! Hope this helps





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Wednesday, December 1, 2021

how long do i have to stay in college to get a pH.D in Zoology

how long do i have to stay in college to get a pH.D in Zoology?
and how much will you make if you work for the gov? will you be able to live in a big house that is a couple million dollars cuz i live in monrovia ca. and in the foothills are nice houses that i want to live in but they are like a few million dollars? so can i do it?
Zoology - 3 Answers
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1 :
Bachelors degree - 4 years Masters - 4 years ph.D - 4 years 4+4+4 =12 years. Money depends on who you work for. If you work your way up the totem pole at a zoo, and get promoted, your pay raise go's up. So I would say after a few years at the zoo, you could be living in a nice house. You can do anything, it just takes time and effort. Zoologists with a ph.D at animal hospitals, zoos, wildlife rescues, ect. are VERY important and saught after, so If you get good scores in college, you will be getting jobs like its nothing. VS. Someone applying with only a Bachelors degree. I am not sure what a Zoologist would do for the goverment.
2 :
First you need to earn a Bachelor degree which can take 3 - 4 years depending upon the number of courses you take each semester. You will need to earn a good GPA, 3.5 or higher to get into the better graduate programs. Although you can go straight for a Ph.D, many students first earn a Masters degree usually requiring a couple of years more. Then you'll have from three to five years to complete the work for the Ph.D. depending upon how long it takes to do the course work, research and writing of your dissertation. How much you earn depends upon a number of factors: private or public employment; ability to write and get grants funds; importance of the research you are doing and whether or not it is marketable. Professorial positions at prestigious institutions can be very well paid. Forgoing frivolous spending will help you acquire that expensive home you desire. Winning scholarships, getting a research assitantship or other financial support will reduce the amount of money you may need to borrow to pay your way to the degrees you want to earn.
3 :
It took me 10 years. Government jobs vary with the level. The chances are that you could live comfortably but if you want the lifestyle that you are describing, find a rich widow to marry. People do not go into zoology for the money. we do it because we wouldn't be happy doing anything else.





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